...Michael L. McManus, M.D., M.P.H.; Urbano L. França, Ph.D. Background In 2015, the American College of Surgeons began its Children’s Surgery Verification Quality Improvement Program, promulgating standards intended to promote regionalization and improve pediatric surgical care. It was hypothesized...

... exposures throughout childhood. Shown are the cumulative numbers of exposures to general anesthesia and surgery for herniorrhaphy; circumcision; dental; strabismus; ear, nose, and throat; or other undefined procedures. The majority of otorhinolaryngology procedures were grommet insertions (70.7...

... . 2012 ; 26 : 177 – 81 69. Hancerliogullari G , Hancerliogullari KO , Koksalmis E : . The use of multi-criteria decision making models in evaluating anesthesia method options in circumcision surgery. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak . 2017 ; 17 : 14 70. Hatib F , Jian...

... as 5.7%. 1 , 2 Children with obstructive sleep apnea often present for surgery and other procedures that require general anesthesia. In fact, the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea is the primary indication for more than 75% of children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. 3...

... and palate. The cleft palate alone group was also more likely to have nonattainment of scores. A similar but smaller study from the University of Iowa 13 examined infants (under 1 yr) who had one of three surgeries: inguinal hernia, with or without orchiopexy; pyloromyotomy; and circumcision...

..., as well as regional indicators of white matter integrity (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity), were analyzed. Results Analyses included 17 patients, without potential confounding central nervous system problems or risk factors, who had general anesthesia and surgery during infancy and 17 control...

...James D. O’Leary, M.D.; Magdalena Janus, Ph.D.; Eric Duku, Ph.D.; Duminda N. Wijeysundera, Ph.D.; Teresa To, Ph.D.; Ping Li, Ph.D.; Jason T. Maynes, Ph.D.; Mark W. Crawford, M.B.B.S. Background It is unclear whether exposure to surgery in early life has long-term adverse effects on child...

....; Andrew J. Davidson, M.D. Background: Awake regional anesthesia (RA) is a viable alternative to general anesthesia (GA) for infants undergoing lower abdominal surgery. Benefits include lower incidence of postoperative apnea and avoidance of anesthetic agents that may increase neuroapoptosis and worsen...

... (with or without circumcision) born at greater than 26 weeks gestation. Exclusion criteria included any contraindication for either anesthetic technique, a history of congenital heart disease requiring surgery or pharmacotherapy, mechanical ventilation immediately before surgery, known chromosomal abnormalities...

... anesthetic lasted 4 h, had only a circumcision, herniorrhaphy, or pyloromyotomy; exclusion of this subject from figure 3 leaves a simple vertical cluster without any obvious trend. It would be interesting to see whether the relation between academic achievement and duration of surgery or anesthesia remains...

... in his letter; our results do not provide general support for the belief that anesthesia and surgery during infancy produce detrimental effects on academic performance during childhood. However, we have concerns regarding the possibility that there may be a small group of infants in whom there may...

... for evaluating outcomes following surgery and anesthesia in early life. Furthermore, these results add to a growing body of data that validate the neonatal rat as a robust model for assessing the pathogenic propensity of neuraxial agents throughout postnatal development, and the requirement for preclinical...

...Jill MacLaren Chorney, Ph.D., R.Psych.; Edwin T. Tan, Ph.D.; Zeev N. Kain, M.D., M.B.A. Background: Many children experience significant distress before and after surgery. Previous studies indicate that healthcare providers’ and parents’ behaviors may influence children’s outcomes. This study...

... children who had surgery during infancy showed deficits in academic achievement. Methods We attempted to contact parents of 577 children who, during infancy, had one of three operations typically performed in otherwise healthy children. We compared scores on academic achievement tests with population norms...

... and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, and Wood Library-Museum of Anesthesiology, Park Ridge, Illinois. ujyc@aol.com Copyright © 2012, the American Society of Anesthesiologists, Inc. “Their analysis glimpses into the mind of a man...

..., Dirks J, Wetterslev J, Andreasson B, Dahl JB: Effect of epidural bupivacaine vs   combined epidural bupivacaine and morphine on gastrointestinal function and pain after major gynaecological surgery. Br J Anaesth 2001; 87:727–32 191. Martin LV: Postoperative analgesia after circumcision in children...

...., Wokingham, United Kingdom) with the Ambu AuraOnce laryngeal mask (Ambu A/S, Ballerup, Denmark) in anesthetized and ventilated children. Methods With ethics committee approval and written informed consent, the authors included 208 children, aged 0-17 yr, scheduled for elective day-surgery under general...

... in widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration and neurocognitive impairment in the developing brain, results from human studies are scarce. We investigated the association between exposure to surgery and anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair in infancy and subsequent academic performance. Methods Using Danish birth...

... knee surgery. Anesthesiology 2008; 109:484–90 2. Burke D, Joypaul V, Thomson MF: Circumcision supplemented by dorsal penile nerve block with 0.75% ropivacaine: A complication. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2000; 25:424–7 3. Wienzek H, Freise H, Giesler I, Van Aken HK, Sielenkaemper AW: Altered blood flow...

... developmental outcomes of critically ill neonates and children undergoing repair of congenital heart disease, 9–12 which have multiple limitations, there are no data that can yield insight into whether exposure to anesthesia and surgery during human development causes clinically relevant impairment in neural...