Table 1. Baseline Characteristics

Plus-minus values are mean ± SD.

*t  test, chi-square test, or Fisher exact test as appropriate; significance for P < 0.05.

AMI = acute myocardial infarction; CABG = on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OPCAB = off-pump artery bypass grafting.