Table 2. End-tidal Carbon Dioxide, Hemoglobin, and Lactate Values during Liver Injury

Data shown as mean ± SD.Baseline, measurements before liver trauma; Hypovolemic Shock, values at the point of experimental intervention (mean arterial pressure < 20 mmHg; heart rate < 30% of its peak value); Experimental Therapy, vasopressin or fluid resuscitation or saline placebo administration without bleeding control; DA, drug administration; NA, not applicable due to death of fluid resuscitation and saline placebo animals.

*P < 0.05 for fluid resuscitation vs.  vasopressin and saline placebo;

†P < 0.05 for saline placebo vs . vasopressin and fluid resuscitation. No statistical comparison was performed after 20 min of experimental therapy due to death of all fluid resuscitation and saline placebo pigs, respectively.