Fig. 1. Relationship between case duration and timing of episode of bradycardia. Each point corresponds to an episode of bradycardia. The points are plotted at the time elapsed since induction of neuraxial anesthesia when the episode of bradycardia occurred. The purpose of separating short, intermediate, long, and very long cases is to illustrate that episodes of bradycardia occur throughout the period of the anesthetic, regardless of case duration.