Fig. 3. Representative examples of reconstituted sulfonylurea receptor 2B/inwardly rectifying K⁺channel 6.1 (SUR2B/Kir6.1, vascular smooth muscle type) currents obtained before and after the application of bupivacaine (  A ), levobupivacaine (  B ), and ropivacaine (  C ) in the excised inside-out configuration. Membrane potentials were clamped at −60 mV. Because SUR2B/Kir6.1 channels are not activated in the inside-out patch clamp configurations, pinacidil (100 μm) was used to activate them. Washout of local anesthetics restored channel activities. The periods of local anesthetic administration are indicated with  horizontal solid bars . The periods of pinacidil administration are indicated with  horizontal dashed bars . Zero current levels (close state) are indicated by the  horizontal lines marked  0 pA .