Fig. 10. Time course of cytochrome c release from mitochondria to cytoplasm with and without the pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk 100 μm. Symbols without z-VAD-fmk: ⋄= 185 mm lidocaine; ▵= 94 mm lidocaine; ˆ= 37 mm lidocaine; X = 37–185 mm Tris. Symbols with 100 μm z-VAD-fmk: ♦= 185 mm lidocaine; ▴= 94 mm lidocaine; •= 37 mm lidocaine. The effect of z-VAD-fmk was not significant for any lidocaine concentration. All pairwise comparisons between different lidocaine concentrations and Tris buffer control were significant ( P < 0.001). n = 19, 34, 61, and 51 neurons for 185 mm, 92 mm, and 37 mm lidocaine and equimolar Tris controls, respectively, in three or more experiments for each condition.