Fig. 1. Bispectral Index (BIS) values (  A ) and corresponding propofol plasma concentrations (  B ) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting during total intravenous anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil. Patients were randomly allocated to receive propofol either as a “fixed” target-controlled infusion with a target of 3 μg/ml (standard care;  empty bars ) or as a BIS-titrated infusion to maintain a BIS value of 40–50 (  hatched bars ).  Box plots indicate median and 25th and 75th percentiles. #  P < 0.05 as compared with respective baseline value for repeated-measures analysis of variance on ranks followed by Dunnett test. *  P < 0.05 between standard care and BIS-titrated anesthesia.