Fig. 3. Mean (SE) percentage correct recognition and subjective confidence of recognition decision. Significantly more words presented during the awake state were later correctly identified as “old,” compared with words presented in the anesthetized conditions (main effect of condition, P < 0.01). Comparison of awake performance to chance (33% correct) yielded a highly significant difference ( P < 0.0001), indicating preserved memory function. Similar comparisons for the anesthetized conditions revealed a barely significant difference ( P =0.043) between words presented during the deep level (2% Etsevo) and chance, suggesting preserved memory function (but see Discussion section). Memory for words presented during the light level (1% Etsevo) was at chance level (not significant), suggesting absence of memory function.