Fig. 3. Sequence of dosing in the three groups of patients receiving nefopam, ketoprofen, and a combination of nefopam and ketoprofen in a 2.5/1 ratio. The quality of analgesia was measured on a numeric pain scale (from 0 to 10) and was defined as ineffective (numeric pain scale score ≤ 3) or effective (numeric pain scale score > 3). Stars are failures (ineffective analgesia), and open circles are success (effective analgesia). In each graph, the horizontal lines are the median effective dose ( thick line ) and its 95% confidence interval ( dashed lines ).