Fig. 4. (  A ) Total neutrophil cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after intratracheal application of ropivacaine (ropi). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 150 μg, in 300 μl phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was intratracheally instilled (or PBS alone for control animals) in the presence or absence of 1 mm ropivacaine. Lungs were evaluated 5 h later. Cells were analyzed using cytospin and Diff-Quick staining. Values are mean ± SEM from five animals per group. (  B ) Total neutrophil cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after intravenous application of ropivacaine. Lipopolysaccharide, 150 μg, in 300 μl PBS was intratracheally instilled (or PBS alone for control animals). At the same time, 300 μl PBS with 1 mm ropivacaine (control animals with PBS only) was applied intravenously. Lungs were evaluated 5 h later. Cells were analyzed using cytospin and Diff-Quick staining. Values are mean ± SEM from five animals per group.