Fig. 7. (  A ) Monocyte-chemoattractant-protein 1 (MCP-1) protein determination bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) after intratracheal application of ropivacaine (ropi). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 150 μg, in 300 μl phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was intratracheally instilled (or PBS alone for control animals) in the presence or absence of 1 mm ropivacaine. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 5 h later. MCP-1 was examined using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Values are mean ± SEM from five animals. (  B ) MCP-1 protein determination in BALF after intravenous application of ropivacaine. Lipopolysaccharide, 150 μg, in 300 μl PBS was intratracheally instilled (or PBS alone for control animals). At the same time, 300 μl of 1 mm ropivacaine in PBS was intravenously applied (control animals with PBS only). Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 5 h later. MCP-1 was examined using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Values are mean ± SEM from five animals.