Fig. 4. Effects of etomidate and midazolam on adenosine triphosphate–sensitive potassium (K^ATP) channel activity in vascular smooth muscle cells. (  A ) Single-channel characteristics of K^ATPchannels in the cell-attached configuration. Membrane potentials were clamped at −60 mV. Zero current levels are indicated by the  horizontal lines marked “0 pA.” Pinacidil (10⁻⁴m) and glibenclamide (Glib.) (3 × 10⁻⁶m) were superfused into the bath solution as indicated by the  horizontal solid bars . Effects of etomidate (  B ) and midazolam (  C ) on K^ATPchannel activity in the cell-attached configuration. Concentration-dependent effects of etomidate (  D ) and midazolam (  E ) on the activity of K^ATPchannels in cell-attached (•) and inside-out (○) configurations. Each  vertical bar constitutes measurements from 18–20 patches (mean ± SD). *  P < 0.05  versus baseline.