Fig. 6. Lack of effects of contralateral nerve blockade on p38 activation on the ipsilateral and contralateral spinal cord. The number of phospho-p38 (p-p38)–immunoreactive cells in the medial superficial (laminae I–III) spinal cord was quantified. Rats were given vehicle (n = 4, left and ipsilateral side) or bupivacaine microspheres (n = 4, right and contralateral side) before spared nerve injury and transcardially perfused 3 days after spared nerve injury.  P > 0.05 , t test (n = 4).