Fig. 4. Effects of PJ-34 on the cytokine levels and coagulation variables in plasma. The levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α; A ), interleukin 6 (IL-6; B ), active plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1; C ), and tissue factor ( D ) were measured in plasma after 4 h of ventilation. HTV = high tidal volume; LTV = low tidal volume. * P < 0.05, HTV + vehicle versus HTV + PJ-34 or LTV + vehicle. † P < 0.05, HTV + vehicle versus others.