Fig. 2. Historically, moving new medical discoveries into clinical practice has been haphazard, occurring largely through continuing medical education programs, pharmaceutical detailing, and guideline development. Proposed expansion of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Roadmap includes an additional research laboratory (Practice-based Research) and translational step to improve incorporation of research discoveries into day-to-day clinical care. From Westfall  et al. 18; used with permission.