Fig. 3.
Artifacts among anesthesia phases. For heart rate, the incidence of artifacts was higher during the induction (I) phase (1.0%) compared to anesthesia maintenance (M) and emergence (E). For oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (Spo2), end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETco2), and mean invasive blood pressure (IBP), the artifact incidence was higher during the induction and emergence phases compared to anesthesia maintenance, with the highest incidence for Spo2 (4.6%) and ETco2 (23.6%) during induction and for mean IBP during emergence (37.6%). For mean noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP), the artifact incidence was not significantly different between the three anesthesia phases. The whiskers show 95% CI. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences between the anesthesia phases.