Figure 4. Ratios of peak glutamate efflux during hemorrhage/prehemorrhage in both the survivor and the nonsurvivor groups. In the nonsurvivor group, hemorrhage led to a large increase in peak glutamate efflux (P = 0.0015, n = 7), whereas, in the survivor group, the increase was not significant (P = 0.065, n = 5). Excluding the lowest peak ratio in the survivor group (based on extremely low (near-background) glutamate concentrations in the basal and hemorrhage fractions) yielded a P value of 0.0048.