Fig. 9.
Resveratrol alleviates mechanical allodynia and inhibits glial activation induced by IL-1β/TNF-α in rats. (A) Mechanical withdrawal of rats treated with resveratrol after intrathecal injection of 20 µl of IL-1β (1 ng/ml) and TNF-α (50 ng/ml). The arrows indicate resveratrol administration (n = 8 each group). (B, C) Representative western blot bands and a data summary (n = 4 each group) show expression of GFAP and IBA-1 in the spinal cords 2 h postintrathecal injection of IL-1β and TNF-α. (D, E) Representative western blot bands and a data summary (n = 4 each group) show phosphorylation of MAPKs in the spinal cords 2 h after intrathecal injection of IL-1β and TNF-α. Resveratrol was given intrathecally 10 min before IL-1β/TNF-α administration. One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference at #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 versus control; *P < 0.05; and **P < 0.01 versus IL-1β/TNF-α group (Bonferroni post hoc tests). ERK = extracellular regulated protein kinase; GAPDH = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein; IBA-1 = ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; JNK = c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.

Resveratrol alleviates mechanical allodynia and inhibits glial activation induced by IL-1β/TNF-α in rats. (A) Mechanical withdrawal of rats treated with resveratrol after intrathecal injection of 20 µl of IL-1β (1 ng/ml) and TNF-α (50 ng/ml). The arrows indicate resveratrol administration (n = 8 each group). (B, C) Representative western blot bands and a data summary (n = 4 each group) show expression of GFAP and IBA-1 in the spinal cords 2 h postintrathecal injection of IL-1β and TNF-α. (D, E) Representative western blot bands and a data summary (n = 4 each group) show phosphorylation of MAPKs in the spinal cords 2 h after intrathecal injection of IL-1β and TNF-α. Resveratrol was given intrathecally 10 min before IL-1β/TNF-α administration. One-way ANOVA revealed a significant difference at #P < 0.05 and ##P < 0.01 versus control; *P < 0.05; and **P < 0.01 versus IL-1β/TNF-α group (Bonferroni post hoc tests). ERK = extracellular regulated protein kinase; GAPDH = glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein; IBA-1 = ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; JNK = c-Jun N-terminal kinase; MAPK = mitogen-activated protein kinase; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor-α.

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