Regulation of cardiac microRNA-21 (miR-21) and miR-21 target mRNAs by isoflurane (ISO) in C57BL/6 mice. (A) Up-regulation of miR-21 mRNA by ISO. Pentobarbital-anesthetized mice received 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration of ISO for 30 min or oxygen–air mixture as control (no ISO). The expression of myocardial miR-21 gene was measured by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction 30 min and 3 h after the treatment of ISO or oxygen–air mixture. *P < 0.05 versus no ISO (n = 6 to 8 mice per group). (B) Regulation of miR-21 target mRNAs by ISO. MiR-21 target mRNAs were investigated using mouse miFinder RT² polymerase chain reaction array 30 min after ISO or oxygen–air mixture as control (no ISO). ADNP = activity-dependent neuroprotector homeobox; CEP68 = centrosomal protein 68 kDa; DERL1 = derlin 1; EIF4A2 = eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A2; KRIT1 = krev interaction trapped protein 1; MARCKS = myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate; NFIB = nuclear factor I/B; PTEN = phosphatase and tensin homology deleted from chromosome 10; RHOB = Ras homolog family member B, RPS7 = ribosomal protein S7; RTN4 = reticulon-4; SPRY2 = sprouty 2; TOPORS = topoisomerase I binding, arginine/serine-rich, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; TPM1 = tropomyosin 1; UBE2D3 = ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 D3; WFS1 = Wolfram syndrome 1. *P < 0.05 versus no ISO (n = 5 to 7 mice per group).