American Society of Anesthesiologists

Fig. 3.

$Ketamine is efficacious when administered at the late, but not early, phase of complex regional pain syndrome. Ketamine shows no efficacy in reversing mechanical allodynia when administered at 3 weeks after fracture (A, B). In contrast, ketamine reverses mechanical allodynia on the ipsilateral (ipsi) hind paw when administered at the 7-week timepoint (C, D). No changes were observed in the contralateral (contra) hind paw. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.001 compared with the Fracture + Saline group. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.005, ###P < 0.001 compared to the Control + Saline group. (A, B) n = 6 mice for Control + Saline, n = 6 mice for Control + Ketamine, n = 8 mice for Fracture + Saline, and n = 11 mice for Fracture + Ketamine. (C, D) n = 8 mice for Control + Saline, n = 8 mice for Control + Ketamine, n = 6 mice for Fracture + Saline, and n = 9 mice for Fracture + Ketamine. The red lines indicate the duration of ketamine administration.$

Ketamine is efficacious when administered at the late, but not early, phase of complex regional pain syndrome. Ketamine shows no efficacy in reversing mechanical allodynia when administered at 3 weeks after fracture (A, B). In contrast, ketamine reverses mechanical allodynia on the ipsilateral (ipsi) hind paw when administered at the 7-week timepoint (C, D). No changes were observed in the contralateral (contra) hind paw. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005, ***P < 0.001 compared with the Fracture + Saline group. #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.005, ###P < 0.001 compared to the Control + Saline group. (A, B) n = 6 mice for Control + Saline, n = 6 mice for Control + Ketamine, n = 8 mice for Fracture + Saline, and n = 11 mice for Fracture + Ketamine. (C, D) n = 8 mice for Control + Saline, n = 8 mice for Control + Ketamine, n = 6 mice for Fracture + Saline, and n = 9 mice for Fracture + Ketamine. The red lines indicate the duration of ketamine administration.

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