Experimental protocol. (A) Infarct size experiments. All groups were subjected to 45 min of ischemia (I) followed by 24 h of reperfusion (R). CsA (10 mg/kg) was injected 10 min before ischemia, and two cycles of 15-min Iso (1 minimum alveolar concentration)/5 min washout before ischemia was completed. (B) In vitro experiments. All groups underwent 30 min of hypoxia (H) followed by 60 min of reoxygenation (R). CsA and Iso were added to buffers 10 min before hypoxia. CsA = cyclosporine A; CypD-KO = cyclophilin D knockout; Iso = isoflurane; PTP = permeability transition pore; TTC = triphenyltetrazolium chloride; WT = wild type.