Fig. 6.
A single dose of flumazenil results in near baseline sleep characteristics after isoflurane anesthesia and mitigates an increase in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. For both saline (SAL)-treated (indicated in blue) and flumazenil (FLZ)-treated (indicated in orange) animals, sleep characteristics were evaluated for a 24-h period before (baseline [BL]) and after (postanesthesia day 1 [PAD1]) isoflurane anesthesia. (A) Total sleep times. SAL-treated animals were asleep for a significantly longer time after anesthesia compared to baseline. There were no significant differences in baseline sleep times between the two groups (P = 0.383, Mann–Whitney U test). Connected pairs of dots represent corresponding sleep times for individual animals. *P = 0.008, Wilcoxon signed rank; strong effect. (B, C) Amount of time in non–rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) (B) and REM (C) sleep. Connected pairs of dots represent time spent in NREM sleep for saline-treated (blue) and flumazenil-treated (orange) animals. Saline-treated animals spent significantly more time in both NREM and REM sleep after anesthesia compared to baseline. BL is represented by darker shaded dots; PAD1 is represented by lighter shaded dots. n = 8 animals per group; *Wilcoxon signed rank; strong effect for both REM (P = 0.008) and NREM (P = 0.008) sleep.