Figure 2. Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol levels were measured in arterial blood, and the routine care and forced-air warming groups were compared. Norepinephrine levels were significantly greater than the preoperative baseline in the routine care group on admission to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), at 60 and 180 min postoperatively, and in the morning of postoperative day 1. Between-group comparison showed norepinephrine levels to be significantly greater in the routine care group on admission to the PACU and at 60 and 180 min postoperatively. Epinephrine levels were significantly elevated above the preoperative baseline in the routine care group on admission to the PACU and at 60 and 180 min postoperatively. Comparison between groups showed no significant differences. Postoperative cortisol levels were increased above the preoperative baseline in both groups. The differences in cortisol levels between groups were not significant. *P < 0.01 versus forced-air warming. #P < 0.05 versus preoperative.