Figure 1. Data are presented for the target-controlled infusions; that is, propofol and sufentanil, respectively, in the two groups, at various stages during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. (A) The predicted (mean plus/minus SD) target effect-site concentration (C^e). (B) Mean rates of drug infusion. A rapid infusion was listed as a bolus. In the sufentanil-midazolam group, at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass, no sufentanil administration was required for an average of 35 min, whereas after cardiopulmonary bypass, no sufentanil administration was required for an average of 6 min.