Figure 1. Circles identify individual shivering gains without (control) and with epidural anesthesia. Squares show the mean values (+/- SD). The gain of shivering was reduced by 63% during epidural anesthesia from -581 +/- 186 to -215 +/- 154 ml [center dot] min sup -1 [center dot][degree sign] Celsius sup -1 (P < 0.01).