Figure 4. Comparison of the inotropic effects of desflurane on (A) maximum unloaded shortening velocity (V^max) and (B) isometric active force (AF) normalized per cross-sectional area, in papillary muscles from healthy and cardiomyopathic hamsters. Desflurane concentrations are reported as minimum alveolar concentration multiples in each strain. Data are mean +/− SD (n = 10 in each group). P values refer to difference between groups. NS, not significant. *P < 0.05 versus baseline values.