Figure 1. The hemofilter in parallel to the liver transplant recipient on venovenous bypass (VVB). The pressure gradient across the filter in part governs the rate of hemofiltration. The rate of hemofiltration removal can also be altered by applying positive or negative pressure to the collection tubing. Pressures were electromechanically transduced from either side of the filter. The negative outflow pressure, was produced by the Bernoulli effect of the VVB flow. A pressure-flow nomogram for the filter indicates that the blood flow through the filter was approximately 400 ml/min.