![Fig. 6. The effects of procaine on carbachol-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in PC12 cells. The cells were preincubated with the indicated concentration of procaine (Pro) for 10 min and then stimulated in the presence (+) or the absence (−) of 1 mM carbachol for 2 min. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis with anti-ERK antibody were performed. ( A ) Procaine dose dependently inhibited the activation of ERKs. The upper two arrows on the left indicate ERK1 ( , active forms of ERK1) and the lower two arrows indicate ERK2 ( , active forms of ERK2). The density of shifted bands (active forms) of ( B ) ERK1 and ( C ) ERK2 was measured by densitometric analysis and expressed as percentages of the result obtained in the absence of procaine. Data represent the mean ±SD from three different experiments. * P < 0.05 versus 0 × 10−4M;** P < 0.0001 versus 0 × 10−4M. ( D ) The Hill plots of the procaine inhibition of the carbachol-induced ERK activation are shown. Y and 1−Y represent inhibited and noninhibited ERK activation, respectively. The Hill plots were made by computerized analysis of log [Y/1−Y] versus log procaine concentration, thereby yielding the Hill coefficients n = 2.4 for the effects of procaine on ERK1 and ERK2.](https://asa2.silverchair-cdn.com/asa2/content_public/journal/anesthesiology/91/4/10.1097_00000542-199910000-00022/2/22ff6.png?Expires=1716590828&Signature=oqP-QCZ4-UFtQUZ4uklLmiLus8Dm~TM54USPx0orBOMAn7HgUVd8NSV2uHane988YQ9ye8q4oSY7G4CxJXYKimmJXe4fSy-eIypCdLBRlWx0URupZH-Cy85mJNEa5VSM8HOOLHnN76ZiErjO6otsQiU6ucSBMawwc7-J7ccY1Wxn3GPMQ5TcjQ4Wg81yNQqwaLSU24YkO6czYhkEuOuBz9dPYZMUryOxQ0HF8Y~J2TFoEKkquXre~pm1qLHXSPnuzcK7lZbE4HMPtmq8HUV25ikw8kTkWPjnyEnynTDovOFrL2DI1EXc5tv1qMHNbcKkJAIpKhm1PpCWxffF8OG8NQ__&Key-Pair-Id=APKAIE5G5CRDK6RD3PGA)
Fig. 6. The effects of procaine on carbachol-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in PC12 cells. The cells were preincubated with the indicated concentration of procaine (Pro) for 10 min and then stimulated in the presence (+) or the absence (−) of 1 mM carbachol for 2 min. Sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis with anti-ERK antibody were performed. ( A ) Procaine dose dependently inhibited the activation of ERKs. The upper two arrows on the left indicate ERK1 ( 
, active forms of ERK1) and the lower two arrows indicate ERK2 ( 
, active forms of ERK2). The density of shifted bands (active forms) of ( B ) ERK1 and ( C ) ERK2 was measured by densitometric analysis and expressed as percentages of the result obtained in the absence of procaine. Data represent the mean ±SD from three different experiments. * P < 0.05 versus 0 × 10−4M;** P < 0.0001 versus 0 × 10−4M. ( D ) The Hill plots of the procaine inhibition of the carbachol-induced ERK activation are shown. Y and 1−Y represent inhibited and noninhibited ERK activation, respectively. The Hill plots were made by computerized analysis of log [Y/1−Y] versus log procaine concentration, thereby yielding the Hill coefficients n = 2.4 for the effects of procaine on ERK1 and ERK2.
