Fig. 1. Tympanic membrane temperatures (Tty) during exsanguination cardiac arrest of 30 min no-flow and resuscitation with cardiopulmonary bypass. Aortic flush with balloon catheter was with 25 ml/kg saline into the aortic arch in group I and with 100 ml/kg saline into the abdominal aorta in group II; in both cases, the saline was at a temperature of 4°C. Temperature areas under the curve during arrest were significantly different between groups (P = 0.003). NSS = normal saline solution.