Figure 6. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate during anesthesia (the first 2 h) and recovery (first hour) in patients of group 1 (epidural clonidine), group 2 (epidural bupivacaine, 0.5–0.25%), and group 3 (epidural bupivacaine, 0.25–0.125%). During anesthesia, preinduction hemodynamic values were significantly reduced to the same extent in any group considered (P < 0.001). Heart rate was significantly lower in patients of group 1 (P < 0.05). After recovery, a significant increase in heart rate and systolic arterial blood pressure was noted in groups 2 and 3 versus group 1 (P < 0.001).