Fig. 2. (Top ) Data displays the mean heart rate in beats per minute (bpm) on the y-axis in patients receiving total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) with either remifentanil (black squares; n = 20) or alfentanil (grey circles; n = 20). Values are mean ± SD. On the left of the x-axis, the time course from start of anesthesia until termination of TIVA is displayed in minutes (at 5 min, endotracheal intubation was performed); on the right, the time course for the heart rate from 1 min after cessation of the TIVA until discharge from the postanesthesia care unit is displayed. The asterisks indicate differences in the heart rate at the distinct time points between remifentanil and alfentanil groups (P < 0.05). (Bottom ) Data showing the mean arterial pressure (MAP) in patients who received TIVA with either remifentanil (squares; n = 20) or alfentanil (circles; n = 20). Values are mean ± SD. On the left of the x-axis, the time course from start of anesthesia until termination of TIVA is displayed in minutes (at 5 min, endotracheal intubation was performed); on the right, the time course for MAP from 1 min after cessation of TIVA until discharge from the postanesthesia care unit is displayed. The asterisks indicate differences in MAP at the distinct time points between remifentanil and alfentanil groups (P < 0.05).