Figure 6. The total plasma equivalents in the bacteria-instilled left lungs of the pretreated and control animals. In the animals previously exposed to acid, the total plasma equivalents of the opposite, bacteria-instilled lungs were significantly increased after bacterial challenge. This increase was blocked by pentoxifylline but not by anti-tumor necrosis factor [Greek small letter alpha] (TNF-[Greek small letter alpha]) pretreatment. In the animals pretreated with anti-TNF-[Greek small letter alpha] antiserum, the total plasma equivalents were significantly increased compared with the control animals that had not received acid but had bacteria instillations. *Significant at P < 0.01 compared with animals pretreated with anti-TNF-[Greek small letter alpha]. [Section] Significant at P < 0.05 compared with animals given saline intravenously plus HCl given intrathecally plus bacteria. [dagger] Significant at P < 0.05 compared with animals given saline intravenously plus phosphate-buffered saline given intrathecally plus bacteria.