Fig. 2. The effect of thiopental on the DNA binding activity of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB). Jurkat cells were treated for 1 h with thiopental at the concentrations indicated (lanes 3–6), and the cells analyzed in lanes 2, 4, and 6 were subsequently incubated with 5 U/ml of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) for 1 h or the respective volumes of ppH2O as vehicle control. Filled arrrowhead = position of CREB DNA complexes; open circle = a nonspecific activity binding to the probe; open arrowhead = unbound oligonucleotide. The results shown are representative of three independent experiments.