Fig. 1. Flowchart for the clinical trial. Ineligible subjects included those scheduled for lung volume reduction (n = 28), pneumonectomy (n = 33), or photodynamic therapy (n = 16), those with known metastatic disease of the lung (n = 15) or metastatic disease from sources outside of the lung (n = 23), those undergoing repeat thoracotomy (n = 40), and those who would receive other than a posterolateral or muscle sparing incision (n = 57). Of these 212 ineligible subjects, 19 underwent chest wall resection. Five eligible subjects underwent chest wall resection, four at the time of the initial surgery and one on repeat thoracotomy, and did not complete the hospital protocol.