Figure 2 : Effect of plasma obtained before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB; T1) or plasma after CPB (T2) on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) response of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors. Addition of plasma obtained after CPB (T2) to PBMCs from healthy donors significantly attenuated the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated TNF-α response to lipopolysaccharide. Parallel time-matched incubations of PBMCs with plasma obtained at T1served as controls. For details, see Materials and Methods. Pretreatment with anti–interleukin (IL)-10 monoclonal anitibody and, in particular, a combination of anti–IL-10 monoclonal antibody and labetalol attenuated the inhibitory effect of plasma obtained at T2on TNF-α response. Box plot represents median, 25th–75th percentile; whiskers reflect 10th and 90th percentiles. *P < 0.05 as compared with addition of plasma T1. #P < 0.05 as compared with addition of plasma T2(control).