Fig. 3. Propofol counteracted the oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)–induced elevation of the extracellular glutamate concentrations. Extracellular concentrations of glutamate in the culture supernatants were estimated in duplicate at the end of the OGD period by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. At the end of the 90-min OGD exposure, before reoxygenation, glutamate extracellular concentrations were significantly increased compared to those measured in sham wash (SW) cells. Propofol, 10 μm, added in sham wash cells did not modify the glutamate extracellular concentrations but, when added during the injury (0.05–10 μm), completely counteracted the OGD-induced elevation of glutamate concentrations. *P < 0.05 versus  control. n = 3 cultures per condition pooled from three experiments.