Fig. 3. Effects of bupivacaine enantiomers on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis during adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-stimulated respiration with palmitoylcarnitine as substrate. Experimental conditions and data presentation are similar to those described in figure 2. From curve fitting: for R  (+)-bupivacaine, IC⁵⁰= 0.8 ± 0.1 mm, n = 1.1 (r²= 0.9876); for S  (−)-bupivacaine, IC⁵⁰ = 0.7 ± 0.1 mm, n = 1.0 (r²= 0.9934).