Fig. 3.
Approximately 14% of cells had early marker of apoptosis showed by decreased fluorescence of the Mitotracker dye (FL4) and elevated fluorescence of Annexin V (A). Addition of ketamine did not induce significant increase in percentage of cells in the early apoptosis zone (B). Similarly, no increased percentage of 7-aminoactinomycin D (7AAD) fluorescence was seen in interleukin-4 granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor (IL-4&GM-CSF)-cocultured monocytes (MO) regardless the concentration of ketamine (C). 4&G = interleukin-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulated; 4&G+Ket100 = interleukin-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor + ketamine 100 µg/ml stimulated; 4&G+Ket10 = interleukin-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor + ketamine 10 µg/ml stimulated; 4&G+Ket1 = interleukin-4 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor + ketamine 1 µg/ml stimulated.