Fig. 1.
Sevoflurane dampens the activation and binding of platelets and neutrophils in human whole blood in vitro. Whole blood was incubated with sevoflurane (5% v/v), adenosine diphosphate (ADP; 20 μM), and the platelet inhibitor prostaglandin E1 (PGE1; 1 μM) as indicated and then further processed for flow cytometry. (A) Flow cytometric strategy to investigate platelet–neutrophil conjugate (PNC) formation: PNCs were identified in whole blood according to their forward scatter/sideward scatter (FSC/SSC) properties and positive staining for CD45, CD66b, and CD41. (B) Sevoflurane inhibits PNC formation in whole blood. (C) Sevoflurane lessens expression of the platelet activation marker P-selectin (CD62P) of PNC-bound platelets. (D) Sevoflurane dampens expression of the leukocyte activation marker Mac-1 (CD11b) of PNC-bound neutrophils. Antibody fluorescence of the fluorophores fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), phycoerythrin (PE), and pacific blue (Pac. Blue) is given in arbitrary units (a.u.). Data are shown as mean ± SD; n = 5 per group. P values derived from one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.