Fig. 2.
(A) Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of all epidural catheters placed with combined spinal epidural technique (CSE) versus traditional epidural technique (EPID), including only nontechnical failures in a univariate model (47 and 77 nontechnical failures occurred with CSE and EPID, respectively). (B) Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of all epidural catheters placed with CSE versus EPID, including only technical failures in a univariate model (48 and 34 technical failures occurred with CSE and EPID, respectively). HR = hazard ratio; nontechnical failures = no block or inadequate analgesia; survival time = duration of catheter remained failure free or until end of functional usage; technical failures = inadvertent intravenous or intrathecal catheter, or other technical failures such as obstructed or dislodged catheter.