Pain intensity versus time plot showing the difference in effect on mean ± SD pain with liposomal bupivacaine compared to placebo for (A) hemorrhoidectomy and (B) bunionectomy surgical site infiltration. Note that while the primary outcomes were the area under the curve for the first 72 and 48 h, respectively, and were positive for each, no differences were found at individual time points after 24 h. In other words, although liposomal bupivacaine was not found superior to placebo after the first 24 postoperative hours, the positive primary outcomes implied a duration of 48 to 72 h. Reproduced with permission, with color added for clarity.¹⁰⁰