Anesthetics modulate gene expression in reactive oxygen species-responsive pathways. Real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction was performed on the heads of 10- to 13-day-old male (A) and female (B) ND2360114 flies collected 30 min after 2 h of 2% isoflurane (I) or 2 h of 3.5% sevoflurane (S) in either 5% or 75% O2. Expression of the indicated genes was normalized to expression of ribosomal protein L32 (RpL32) and to expression of the genes in heads of unexposed, 10- to 13-day-old ND2360114 flies. Each experiment consisted of three biologic replicates. Significance was determined using the unpaired, Student’s t test assuming equal variances. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. Error bars represent standard deviations.
