Mean Granger causality trajectories (expressed as normalized values) for the 15 min before and after loss of behavioral response (top row) and regain of behavioral response (bottom row) for the delta, alpha, and beta frequency bands. Each gray line represents one electrode pair (930 in total), calculated as the log-mean over all 16 participants. The vertical black dashed lines indicate the time of loss or regain of behavioral response. Note the logarithmic y-axis.