Fig. 4.
Effects of intrathecal administration of cebranopadol on thermal nociception and itch scratching responses in monkeys. (A) Time courses of cebranopadol-induced antinociception against an acute noxious stimulus (50°C water). (B) Time courses of itch-scratching responses elicited by cebranopadol (1 μg) and morphine (30 μg) at antinociceptive doses. (C) Total number of scratches summed from the four time points shown in B. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 6) and were analyzed by two-way (A and B) or one-way (C) repeated measures ANOVA followed by the Dunnett multiple comparison test. *P < 0.05, significantly different from the vehicle condition.