Hemodynamic parameters. Cardiac output was assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (A); anterior wall strain rate assessed by transthoracic echocardiography (B); maximum first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dP/dT_max) assessed by left ventricular catheterization (C); and systolic blood pressure assessed by left ventricular catheterization (D). p = P value for Kruskal–Wallis test with correction for multiple testing by the Bonferroni test. CLP, cecal ligation and puncture.