Mortality within 30 days of surgery is the third leading cause of death in the United States. CDC = Centers for Disease Control; NIS = National Inpatient Sample. Reprinted with permission from Bartels K, Karhausen J, Clambey ET, Grenz A, Eltzschig HK: Perioperative organ injury. Anesthesiology 2013; 119:1474–89.³