Frontal channel, group-level spectrogram, and line graph (see figure in Supplemental Digital Content 1, https://links.lww.com/ALN/B458, for electrode placement location). (A) Spectrogram depicts marked increase in frontal channel theta power during the anesthetic period. Increased gamma bandwidth power compared to baseline is noted as well. (B) Line graph demonstrates a shift to theta bandwidth power during ketamine anesthesia. Shaded regions represent ±1 SD. Anes = anesthetic period; Recov = recovery period.