Fig. 1. Mean intraoperative total blood loss was significantly lower in the tranexamic acid (TXA) group compared with the placebo group among patients with secondary scoliosis (  P < 0.01) and for all patients (  P < 0.01). No differences in blood loss were observed between the two groups in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (  P = 0.15).  Error bars denote SDs. n.s. = not significant.