Table 2. Summary of Cardiovascular and Hemodynamic Data

Data derived from random effects models fitted to all doses simultaneously, showing the differences between drugs from intracarotid arterial infusions of bupivacaine (B), levobupivacaine (L) or ropivacaine (R).

MAP = mean arterial blood pressure; HR = heart rate; CO = cardiac output; SV = stroke volume; dP/dt^max= an index of myocardial contractility. PR interval, QRS width and QTc interval are measured from the ECG. E^max= the magnitude of peak effects, and SED⁵⁰= the sum of the effect differences to 5 min, and SED¹⁰= the sum of the effect differences to 10 min; arrows indicate the direction of change with ↑ dose. The “Among Drugs” column indicates significance of a difference among the three drugs; nsd = no significant difference between drugs. 95% CI = the 95% confidence interval of the difference in values for the drug pairs as indicated.