Fig. 2. Relative changes in cardiac output ( a ), mean arterial blood pressure ( b ), and plasma volume ( c ) in sheep (n = 12) after infusion of 0.9% saline ( open circles, bold broken line ), hemorrhage 300 ml ( open triangles, dotted line ), or hemorrhage followed by fluid infusion ( filled squares, black line ). Hemorrhage 300 ml ended at 5 min and fluid was infused between 5 and 25 min. Plasma volume was used as an index for the central compartment in the volume turnover kinetic analysis. *Significant changes from baseline for P < 0.05; aSignificant changes from the mean of the infusion-only protocol at a specific time point for P < 0.05; • Significant changes between the hemorrhage-plus infusion and the hemorrhage-only protocols for P < 0.05. Values are mean ± SD, and the baseline is represented as a dotted line .